Organic compound is something essential in our everyday life, thus it is crucial to study organic chemistry including properties, behavior, characteristics etc. There is one aspect we cannot forget that is the structure of organics. Why is it so important? The structure of a molecule determine the function, properties and behavior. However, there a lot of organic molecules out there which often make us confuse. In order to obtain basic information of organic molecule, we need to learn interpreting the structure of organic and it is good idea as well to learn drawing the structure.
There are more than 100 elements in the periodic table as we may all know and realize. Many molecules contain more than 100 atoms, for example palytoxin. It is a naturally occurring compound with potential anticancer activity. It contains 129 carbon atoms, 221 hydrogen atoms, 54 oxygen atoms and 3 nitrogen atoms. By only seeing the structure itself, we can draw conclusion about variation of the structure. And these variations of structure which have built any single living organism, including human being.
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We are going to move to a bit complexed subject. We have learned toxicology and epidemiology study, the characteristics and the comparison between them. Now it is time to discuss about the inside process of how toxic chemicals enter the body. When the toxic chemicals enter the body via absorption, the process of distribution, metabolism and elimination begin. So the entry of the substances into the cells inside our body is the main point here, and the absorption plays a very crucial element.
Substances may enter body via inhalation, ingestion and dermal (skin) contact. There is an addition which is injection, but this is common only in a laboratory. At this time, I will not discuss the routes of exposure instead the process how substances can enter our body. It is always a good point to learn the basic properties and functions of our body. When substances try to penetrate our protector which is skin, it involves a variety filters before it get succeed to enter our inside cells.
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To learn about toxicology, we have to know about the methods used to obtain information associated about specific chemical exposure. Thus, it is necessary to learn at least two very crucial methods which are epidemilogy and toxicology studies.
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Toxic chemicals have specific effects observed, from organ failure, electrolyte transfer inhibition and other cases. One specific research had found out that aluminium chloride contained in drinking water will significantly reduce fertility. The research was conducted on a toxicology test in a controlled laboratory with mice as the animal object.
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Posted by arie on 24 Jun 2007 at 8:46 pm under Toxicology
In several previous posts, I have described a lot of things related to the epidemiological study. As matter as fact, I have explained various kind why in several factors, epidemiology can only build an association between a suspected etiological factor with an observed response. There are several elements make epidemiological study can not establish a solid and strong relationship,they are bias, observation bias and selection bias, confounding factor. In epidemiology study, the decision about association between the causative factor and the observed disease or illnese is aided by the indicator such as attributable risk and relative risk. I suggest you visit those pages to understand the idea behind them.
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